Perkins4016工業(yè)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)概述（冷卻系統(tǒng)）
在本手冊(cè)中和在產(chǎn)品上都提供有安全預(yù)防措施和警告。如果對(duì)這些警告不予注意會(huì)給自己或他人造成人身傷亡。
識(shí)別危險(xiǎn)用“安全警告符號(hào)”和“標(biāo)志文字”，如“危險(xiǎn)”、“警告”或“當(dāng)心”。“警告”標(biāo)貼如下所示
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)概述
該發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有一種加壓冷卻系統(tǒng)。此冷卻系統(tǒng)有兩個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
•壓力有助于防止氣穴。
•沸騰的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低。
沸點(diǎn)受三種因素影響：壓力，海拔和冷卻液中的乙二醇濃度。液體沸點(diǎn)隨著壓力增加而增加。液體沸點(diǎn)隨著海拔高度增加而降低。圖39顯示壓力和海拔對(duì)水的沸點(diǎn)的影響。
 
冷卻液沸點(diǎn)也取決于冷卻液的類型和乙二醇的濃度。乙二醇濃度越大，沸點(diǎn)越高。但是，乙二醇傳熱效果不及水。因?yàn)榉悬c(diǎn)和傳熱的效率，乙二醇的濃度很重要。與冷卻系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的有三個(gè)基本故障
•過(guò)熱
•冷卻液損失
•過(guò)冷
如果冷卻系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有正確保養(yǎng)，如結(jié)垢和沉淀物等固體會(huì)降低冷卻系統(tǒng)的傳熱的能力。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作溫度會(huì)升高。
當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)超載時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將在拖動(dòng)狀態(tài)下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在拖動(dòng)狀態(tài)下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，也即發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在較低的轉(zhuǎn)速下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，這樣降低了冷卻液液流。在高負(fù)載下減少冷卻液液流將引起過(guò)熱。泄漏使冷卻液缺失。過(guò)熱的冷卻液可通過(guò)冷卻系統(tǒng)壓力安全閥溢出。較低的冷卻液液位也會(huì)產(chǎn)生過(guò)熱。過(guò)熱導(dǎo)致象缸蓋裂紋和活塞粘缸現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。
缸蓋或氣缸套裂紋將迫使廢氣進(jìn)人冷卻系統(tǒng)。額外的壓力引起'冷卻液丟失、水泵氣穴、冷卻液循環(huán)量少和進(jìn)一步的過(guò)熱。
過(guò)冷是冷卻液旁通水溫調(diào)節(jié)器的結(jié)果并直接流人散熱器或熱交換器。在低環(huán)境溫度下低負(fù)載工作可能引起過(guò)冷。過(guò)冷由水溫調(diào)節(jié)器保持打開(kāi)引起的。過(guò)冷降低工作效率。過(guò)冷使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油快速污染。這樣導(dǎo)致曲軸箱形成油泥，氣門積炭。加熱和冷卻循環(huán)過(guò)快可能導(dǎo)致氣缸蓋裂紋、密封墊故障、加速磨損和燃油消耗過(guò)量。如果懷疑冷卻系統(tǒng)有故障，在對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行任何測(cè)試前，進(jìn)行目視檢查。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油冷卻器壓力測(cè)試
 
 
1．制作護(hù)板(1)。制作連有空氣管接頭的護(hù)板。
2．用干凈的熱水加注機(jī)油冷卻器．使水位在出口法蘭范圍內(nèi)。
3．將新接頭安裝至護(hù)板(1)和(3)。將護(hù)板(1)和(3)安裝至機(jī)油冷卻器。
4．將壓縮空氣連接至機(jī)油冷卻器。使用工具(A)。將壓力設(shè)置為345 kPa (50 psi)o壓力應(yīng)持續(xù)三分鐘保持穩(wěn)定。
目視檢查
冷卻系統(tǒng)如果不進(jìn)行定期檢查就會(huì)引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度升高。在用測(cè)試設(shè)備進(jìn)行測(cè)試之前．先對(duì)冷卻系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行目視檢查。
警告：加壓的系統(tǒng)：熱的冷卻液能造成嚴(yán)重的燙傷。在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停機(jī)．等待冷卻系統(tǒng)部件冷卻下來(lái)后再打開(kāi)冷卻系統(tǒng)加注口蓋。暖慢松開(kāi)冷卻系統(tǒng)加注口蓋，以釋放掉所有壓力。
1．檢查冷卻系統(tǒng)中的冷卻液液位。讀取位于散熱器（如有配備）上端的兩個(gè)冷卻液液位指示儀指示的液位位置。
2．查看冷卻系統(tǒng)有無(wú)滲漏。
3．查看芯件散熱片是否彎曲或散熱器散熱片之間有無(wú)碎屑（如有配備）。確保流過(guò)散熱器的空氣沒(méi)有阻塞。
4．檢查風(fēng)扇葉片是否損壞（如有配備）。
5．發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻后，緩慢取下加注口蓋。這會(huì)使冷卻系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的所有壓力釋放出來(lái)。檢查加注口蓋和氣密封表面。該表面必須清潔，密封必須無(wú)損。
6．檢查壓力安全閥。請(qǐng)聯(lián)系OEM了解更多信息。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫調(diào)節(jié)器（節(jié)溫器）一測(cè)試
警告：熱的冷卻液、蒸汽和堿會(huì)造成人身傷害。在工作溫度下，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻液是熱的而且處在壓力下。散熱器和所有到加熱器的管路或發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中都有熱的冷卻液或蒸汽。與它們的任何接觸都會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重燙傷。只有當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停機(jī)且散熱器蓋已經(jīng)冷卻到可以徒手觸摸時(shí)，再慢慢拆下過(guò)濾器蓋以釋放壓力。冷卻系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)器含堿。應(yīng)避免它與皮膚和眼睛接觸。
注：該信息僅適用于安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的淡水溫度調(diào)節(jié)器。
1．從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上拆下水溫調(diào)節(jié)器。
2．在適當(dāng)?shù)娜萜鲀?nèi)逐漸加熱冶卻液。
3．將水溫調(diào)節(jié)器懸掛在冷卻液容器內(nèi)。水溫調(diào)節(jié)器必須浸沒(méi)在容器中冷卻液面以下，但遠(yuǎn)離容器四周和底部。
4．保持冷卻液處于正確溫度10分鐘。水溫調(diào)節(jié)器開(kāi)啟溫度為71.C。
5. 10分鐘后，取出水溫調(diào)節(jié)器。確保水溫調(diào)節(jié)器的閥完全開(kāi)啟。如果水溫調(diào)節(jié)器的閥不能在規(guī)定溫度下開(kāi)啟，更
換水溫調(diào)節(jié)器。更多信息，請(qǐng)參閱《操作和保養(yǎng)手冊(cè)》，“水溫調(diào)節(jié)器．更換”。
The cooling system of industrial diesel engine Perkins4016 (cooling system)
Important safety instructions
Perkins products operation, maintenance and repair of the most accidents, are caused by not Cui Shou basic safety rules or preventive measures. If you can recognize the various potential risk before the accident, the accident is often avoided. The risk potential, must be warned about the working personnel. Must also be for staff training. To acquire the necessary skills and normal use of tools.
Incorrect operation, small sliding, maintenance or repair the product is dangerous, and can cause personal injury.
You must read and understand the product operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information, to carry out the work.
In this manual and in the product is provided with safety precautions and warnings. If not pay attention to will cause personal injury to themselves or others to these warnings.
Hazard identification with "safety warning symbols" and "text", such as "dangerous", "warning" or "be careful". "Warning" stickers are shown as follows
The cooling system of Perkins4016 diesel engine
The engine has a compression and cooling system. The cooling system has two advantages.
• pressure helps to prevent cavitation.
• boiling to reduce risk.
Boiling point is affected by three factors: pressure, ethylene glycol concentration elevation and in cooling liquid. The boiling point of a liquid increases with the increase of pressure. The boiling point of a liquid decreases with the increasing altitude. Figure 39 shows the effect of pressure and altitude on the boiling point of water.
The concentration of coolant boiling point also depends on the cooling fluid type and ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol concentration, the higher boiling point. However, ethylene glycol heat transfer effect than water. Because the boiling and heat transfer efficiency, the concentration of ethylene glycol is very important. Associated with the cooling system has three basic fault
• overheating
• coolant loss
• cold
If the cooling system without proper maintenance, such as the ability to scale and sediment and other solid will reduce the heat transfer of the cooling system. Engine operating temperature will rise.
When the engine is overloaded, the engine will run in the driving condition. When the engine is running in the driving state, namely the engine running at low speed, thus reducing the coolant flow. Under the high load reduced coolant flow will cause overheating. Leakage cause coolant loss. Coolant overheating by cooling system pressure relief valve overflow. Coolant level low will cause overheating. Overheating occurred as a crack in the cylinder head and piston cylinder sticking phenomenon.
Cylinder head or cylinder liner crack will force the exhaust gas into the cooling system. Additional pressure caused by 'loss of coolant, pump cavitation, cooling fluid circulation quantity and further overheating.
Cold is the coolant temperature regulator and bypass the direct flow radiator or heat exchanger. Under low ambient temperature low load operation may cause cold. Cooling by water temperature regulator is kept open by. Too cold to reduce work efficiency. A cold engine oil rapid pollution. This leads to the crankcase to form sludge, valve deposits. The heating and cooling cycle too fast may lead to cylinder head gasket failure, crack, accelerated wear and excessive fuel consumption. If you suspect that the cooling system failure, in any testing of the system, visual inspection.
Perkins diesel engine oil cooler pressure test
1 making protective plate (1). Making even the air pipe plate joint.
2 hot water filling oil cooler clean. The water level in the outlet flange range.
3 new joint installation to guard plate (1) and (3). The protection plate (1) and (3) mounted to the oil cooler.
4 the compressed air is connected to the oil cooler. Use the tool (A). Set the pressure to 345 kPa (50 psi) O pressure should last three minutes remained stable.
Visual inspection
The cooling system without regular inspection will cause the engine temperature. Before the test by the test equipment. To perform a visual inspection of the cooling system.
Warning: the pressurized system: the hot coolant can cause severe burns. In the engine stop. Wait for the cooling system components to cool down after the open cooling system filler cap. Warm slowly loosen cooling system filler cap, to release all pressure.
Coolant level 1 checking the cooling system. Reading is located in the radiator (if equipped) level position at the top of the two coolant level indicator.
2 check the cooling system without leakage.
3 see the core piece of radiating fin is bent or radiator fins are free of debris (if equipped). Ensure that the flow through the radiator air without obstruction.
4 check the fan blade is damaged (if equipped).
The 5 engine cooling, slowly remove the filler flap. This will make all the pressure in the cooling system release. Check the filler cap and sealing surface. The surface must be clean, the seal must be lossless.
6 check the pressure safety valve. Please contact OEM for more information.
Perkins diesel engine water temperature regulator (thermostat) test
Warning: the cooling liquid, steam and alkali heat will cause personal injury. At operating temperature, engine coolant is hot and under pressure. The radiator and all to the heater pipe or the engine is hot coolant or steam. Any contact with them can cause serious burns. Only when the engine is shut down and the radiator cap has cooled to hand can touch, and then slowly remove the oil filter cover to release the pressure. Cooling system conditioner containing alkali. It should avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Note: this information applies only to fresh water temperature is installed in the engine

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